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2 of 3 China IPO files |
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Pre-IPO analysis, grading & scoring |
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. Business Model Rating Criteria |
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A = high growth market, potential leader; B = more competitive market; C= 'public venture capital' |
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. Calculations |
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. IPO Price to annualized Sales Ratio -- (Price / Sales) |
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Numerator |
Denominator |
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IPO market capitalization… |
Annualized Sales (based on recent results) |
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(post-IPO # of shares times mid-point of IPO price range) |
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. IPO Price to annualized Earnings (loss) -- (Price / Earnings) |
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Numerator |
Denominator |
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IPO market cap |
Annualized Earnings (loss) from the last quarter |
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=================== |
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SEARCH BY COMPANY |
In your browser use 'Edit/Find' to search for companies |
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or ticker for analysis |
below |
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=================== |
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China Digital TV (STV) |
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digital television access systems in China: C+, 8 |
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Oct 4, 2007 @ $!6 |
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WuXi PharmaTech (WX) |
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biopharma R&D outsourcing: B-, 9 |
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Aug 8, 2007 @ $$14 |
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E-House (China) (EJ) |
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China real estate services: B-, 9 |
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Aug 7, 2007 @ $13.80 |
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Perfect World (PWRD) |
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China online 3D video games: B-, 8 |
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July 25, 2007 @ $16 |
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Spreadtrum Com (SPRD) |
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Chinese designer of wireless handset Ics: C+, 7 |
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June 26, 2007 @ $14 |
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Yingli Green Energy (YGE) |
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Vertically integrated photovoltaic prod: B-, 8 |
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June 7, 2007 @ $11 |
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LDK Solar (LDK) |
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multicrystalline wafers for solar cells: B-, 8 |
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May 31, 2007 @ $27.00 |
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China Sunergy (CSUN) |
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solar cell products, China: C+, 7 |
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May 16, 2007 @ $11 |
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=================== |
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Noah Education Holdings |
NED, B-, 8 |
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interactive education content in China |
June 30 fiscal year |
Post-IPO shrs: 37mm |
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Shenzhen, China |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
IPO Mkt |
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|
Rev ($mm) |
$73 |
Cap (mm) |
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|
Gross profit % |
44% |
55% |
52% |
$396 |
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|
Operating profit % |
8% |
6% |
12% |
@$10.8 |
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|
Profit (loss) $mm |
$9 |
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|
Profit (loss) % |
19% |
7% |
12% |
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|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings* |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
Noah Education (NED) |
$396 |
5.4 |
46 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
27% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
Business |
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. A leading provider of interactive education content in China. |
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. Develops and markets interactive, multimedia learning materials mainly to complement prescribed |
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textbooks used in China's primary and secondary school curriculum, covering subjects such as English, |
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Chinese, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, political science and history. |
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. Delivers content primarily through DLDs, into which content is embedded or subsequently downloaded at |
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over 8,500 points of sale, approximately 2,000 download centers, or through NED's website, |
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www.noahedu.com. |
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. In addition, derives a significant, but decreasing, portion of revenue from the sale of E-dictionaries. |
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DLDs - fast adoption rate |
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(DLD is a library package of C functions that performs dynamic link editing. Programs that use dld can add |
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or remove compiled object code from a process anytime during its execution. Loading modules, searching |
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|
libraries, resolving external references, and allocating storage for global and static data structures are all |
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performed at run time.) |
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. First introduced in 2003, DLDs have become the main platform for interactive learning in the Chinese |
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market. |
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. DLD sales in China grew at a CAGR of 41.7% from 2004 to 2006, according to CCID Consulting, which |
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|
projects DLD sales in China to grow at a CAGR of 20.8% from 2007 to 2009. |
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|
. NED believes the fast adoption of, and growing demand for, DLDs is due to the manner in which DLDs |
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present traditional content in an engaging multimedia format and at a pace and order selected by each |
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individual student, thereby creating a more tailored and more enjoyable teaching and learning experience. |
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Market position |
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|
According to CCID Consulting, in 2006 and the first half of 2007, NED was ranked |
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. No. 1 by revenue and by the combined number of DLDs and E-dictionaries sold, and |
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|
. No. 2 in 2006 and No. 1 in the first half of 2007 by revenue and by the number of DLDs sold, among |
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|
interactive education content providers that distribute content through DLDs and E-dictionaries in China. |
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|
Fiscal 2007 revenue compared with 2006 (June 30 fiscal) |
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|
Net revenue increased 41.3% in fiscal 2007 from fiscal 2006. |
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|
. The increase was primarily attributable to a substantial increase in sales of DLDs, offset by a decrease in |
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|
E-dictionary sales. |
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|
. Sold 557,093 DLDs in fiscal 2007, an increase of 63.7% from 340,343 DLDs sold in fiscal 2006. |
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|
. Average selling price of DLDs increased 12.0% as NED introduced a number of models with more |
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|
innovative features and offered better content offering. |
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|
. The increase in average selling price was moderated by an increase in sales discounts given to distributors |
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|
to stimulate sales, from 8.7% of net revenue in fiscal 2006 to 13.0% in fiscal 2007. |
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|
. Sold 775,659 E-dictionaries in fiscal 2007 compared to 904,747 E-dictionaries in fiscal 2006. As a result |
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|
of a decrease in market demand, lowered selling prices of E-dictionaries and the average selling price of E |
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|
dictionaries decreased by 6.7%. |
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|
Competition |
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|
. The interactive education content market in China is rapidly evolving and very competitive. |
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|
. Some competitors who were present when we entered the market in 2004 no longer operate in this field |
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|
and others have lost their dominant positions. |
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|
. According to CCID Consulting, as of the end of 2006, the top five companies accounted for |
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|
approximately 80% of the DLD market. |
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|
. Main competitors in the DLD market include Shanghai Ozing Digital Technology Limited and |
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|
Guangdong Bubugao Electronic Industry Limited. Our main competitors in the E-dictionaries market |
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|
include Guangdong Bubugao Electronic Industry Limited and Global View Co., Ltd. |
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. Also competes indirectly with online education content providers, such as Beijing No. 4 Middle School |
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|
Net and Hu Bei Province Huang Gang Middle School Net, and providers of interactive education content |
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|
through CD-ROMs such as HUMAN Education & Technology Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Dongtian Culture |
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Enterprise Co., Ltd. |
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Use of $84mm in IPO proceeds from sale of 8.7mm ADSs |
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(shareholders intent to sell 1.12mm ADSs) |
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o US$40 million to fund our expansion into complementary businesses such as tutoring and test preparation |
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services, including possible acquisitions; |
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o US$20 million to fund efforts to enhance our branding and sales channels; |
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o US$10 million to fund the development of educational content and diversification of delivery platforms; |
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o US$10 million to fund research and development efforts; and |
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|
o the balance to fund working capital requirements. |
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|
=================== |
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|
China Digital TV Holding |
STV, C+, 8 |
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|
digital television access systems in China |
Post-IPO shrs: 55.5mm |
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|
Beijing, China |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
June, 06* |
June, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|
Rev ($mm) |
$4 |
$13 |
$30 |
$10 |
$22 |
Cap (mm) |
|
Gross Profit |
50% |
70% |
76% |
80% |
81% |
$666 |
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
-$3.3 |
$4.5 |
$13.0 |
$3.4 |
$12.2 |
@$12 |
|
Profit (loss) % |
-92% |
34% |
43% |
33% |
56% |
|
|
* six months ended June 30 |
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|
Last four quarters |
Sept, 06 |
Dec, 06 |
March, 07 |
June, 07 |
||
|
Rev ($mm) |
$10 |
$10 |
$10 |
$11 |
||
|
Gross Profit |
79% |
75% |
84% |
80% |
||
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
$5.7 |
$3.8 |
$6.2 |
$6.0 |
||
|
Profit (loss) % |
55% |
40% |
60% |
54% |
||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
China Digital TV (STV) |
$666 |
15.0 |
28 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
22% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
8 |
|
|
ADS offering |
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Note: last four quarters had essentially flat revenue |
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|
No corporate taxes |
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|
. For tax purposes STV is based in the Cayman Islands |
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|
. The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, |
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|
gains or appreciations and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty or withholding |
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|
tax applicable to us or to any holder of ADSs or ordinary shares. |
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|
Business |
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|
. The leading provider of conditional access, or CA, systems to the Peoples Republic of China's (PRC) |
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|
rapidly growing digital television market. |
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|
. STV'sCA systems, which consist of smart cards, head-end software for television network operators and |
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terminal-end software for set-top box manufacturers, enable digital television network operators in the PRC |
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|
to control the distribution of content and value-added services to their subscribers and block unauthorized |
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|
access to their networks. In addition, STV licenses its set-top box design to set-top box manufacturers and |
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sell advanced digital television application software, such as electronic program guides and subscriber |
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|
management systems, to digital television network operators. |
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The industry |
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. The PRC has the largest television viewing market in the world, with televisions in 362 million |
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|
households, of which 139 million households subscribed to cable television, as of December 31, 2006, |
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|
according to Analysys International. The commercial potential of the PRC cable television industry, |
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|
however, has yet to be fully developed. |
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|
. Digital television offers a range of advantages over analog television, including enhanced picture quality, |
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|
more efficient use of bandwidth, improved content protection and the opportunity to offer value-added |
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|
services to viewers. The transition from analog to digital television services in the PRC introduces |
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|
significant opportunities in the PRC cable television industry. This transition is being driven by the |
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|
following key factors: |
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|
. In 2003, the PRC State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, or the SARFT, announced a target |
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|
of 2010 for all television broadcasts to be made in digital format (in addition to any parallel transmissions |
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|
in analog format) |
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|
. And a target of 2015 for cable television networks to switch off all analog transmissions. In February |
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|
2007, the SARFT ordered cable television network operators nationwide to continue to provide at least six |
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|
analog television channels for the indefinite future for the benefit of those unable or unwilling to subscribe |
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|
to digital television services. |
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|
Market share |
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|
. According to Analysys International, STV was the leader in the PRC CA systems market in 2006 and |
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|
each of the first and second quarters of 2007. |
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|
. According to Analysys International, in the second quarter of 2007 STV had an approximately 44% |
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|
market share based on the number of smart cards shipped, followed by DVN Holdings Ltd. With |
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|
approximately 19% market share, Irdeto Access BV with approximately 12% market share, NDS Group |
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|
with approximately 9% market share, Kudelski SA with approximately 9% market share, Sumavision |
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|
Technologies Co., Ltd. with approximately 5% market share, and others accounting for the remaining 2%. |
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|
Smart cards |
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|
. Derives a substantial majority of our revenues from sales of smart cards, which accounted for 85.6% and |
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|
87.9% of total revenues in 2006 and in the six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. |
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|
. Expects that the sales of smart cards will continue to constitute the majority of revenues in the near future. |
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|
. Sold 0.2 million, 1.5 million and 3.9 million smart cards in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, and sold |
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|
2.8 million smart cards in the six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to 1.3 million in the same period |
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|
of 2006. |
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|
. The number of smart cards sold by STV in each of the first and second quarters of 2007 represented |
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|
approximately 44% of the smart cards that were shipped in the PRC in such period, according to Analysys |
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|
International |
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|
Customers |
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|
. STV sells CA systems and digital television application software to PRC television network operators, |
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|
including cable, satellite and terrestrial television network operators and enterprises that maintain private |
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|
cable television networks within their facilities. |
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|
. Currently derives, and we expect to continue to derive, a significant portion of revenues during any given |
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|
period from a limited number of customers, primarily cable television network operators who are launching |
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|
new digital transmission systems, although the particular customers may vary from period to period. |
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|
PRC television network operators |
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|
. Aare in the early stages of switching from analog to digital transmissions, and the PRC government has |
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|
set a target of 2015 for operators nationwide to complete the digital transition. |
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|
. Benefiting from this transition and the expanding market for STV products, the business has experienced |
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|
significant growth since 2004. |
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|
. As of June 30, 2007, STV had installed CA systems at 130 digital television network operators in 26 of |
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|
the 32 provinces, autonomous regions and centrally administered municipalities in the PRC. |
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Research and Development |
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|
. STV'ssuccess to date has in large part resulted from strong research and development capabilities. As of |
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|
June 30, 2007, STV's research and development team consisted of 178 employees, up from 145 as of |
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|
December 31, 2006, and STV plans to further expand the team during the second half of 2007. |
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|
. Many of STV's current research and development staff are graduates of the PRC's top science and |
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|
engineering universities, including Tsinghua University, and have extensive experience in digital television |
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|
and encryption technologies. |
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|
. STV's research team played a leading role in drafting the PRC industry standards for CA systems, |
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|
electronic program guides and other key industry standards. STV is active in the China DRM Forum, which |
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|
aims to develop a PRC standard for digital rights management, and the Audio and Video Coding Standard |
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|
Workgroup of China, which has developed the PRC's own video and audio compression technology. |
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|
. In 2006, the Radio and Television Standards Institute of the SARFT awarded STVs their annual |
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|
technology innovator award, and honored Mr. Jian Han, STV's chief technology officer, with their |
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|
innovative person award. |
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|
Intellectual property |
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|
. STV develops all of its software internally |
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|
. As of June 30, 2007, held a total of three patents issued in the PRC and seven pending patent applications |
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|
in the PRC. |
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|
. Issued patents and pending patent applications relate primarily to digital transmission technologies, |
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|
encryption and decryption technologies, technologies relating to the production of set-top boxes and smart |
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|
cards and technologies relating to value-added services. |
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|
. Also completed copyright registration of 34 software programs for digital television in the PRC. |
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|
Competition |
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|
International |
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|
. Main international competitors in the CA systems business are Conax AS, Irdeto Access BV, Kudelski |
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|
SA, and NDS Group. These companies have longer operating histories and substantially greater financial, |
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|
technical and other resources than STV, which may enable them to respond more quickly than STV to |
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|
technological or commercial changes in our industry. |
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|
. Several of these companies entered the PRC market before STV but have been less successful in capturing |
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|
market share. Historically, these companies have generally focused on sales to the television network |
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|
operators in the PRC's largest cities. |
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|
. To the extent that international competitors may begin targeting small and mid-size television network |
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|
operators, STV believes that it can continue to compete successfully because of local knowledge and |
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|
relationships and more extensive customer support and service network. |
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|
Domestic |
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|
. Main domestic competitors are Compunicate Technologies Inc., DVN Holdings Ltd., and Sumavision |
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|
Technologies Co., Ltd., all of which are non-state-owned companies operating mainly in the PRC. |
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|
. They may offer their CA systems at a lower price than STV. However, STV believes that it has more |
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|
advanced technology and that STV's strong technology and leading market position will enable STV to |
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|
continue to compete successfully against these companies. |
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|
Dividend policy |
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|
. As a result of the substantial growth of revenues in 2005 and 2006, STV generated cash in excess of |
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|
ordinary business needs. Because STV had not identified any immediate investment or acquisition |
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|
opportunities, it declared dividends to shareholders in August 2006 and November 2006 and paid out such |
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|
dividends in August 2006 and February 2007, respectively. |
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|
. Currently intends to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and |
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|
expansion of the business, and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on ordinary shares, or |
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|
indirectly on ADSs, for the foreseeable future |
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|
Use of $131mm in IPO proceeds |
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|
. The principal reasons for this offering are to create a public market for our ordinary shares for the benefit |
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|
of all shareholders, to retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives in a public |
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|
company, to promote our corporate brand and image and to raise capital. |
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|
. Intends to use net proceeds from this offering for research and development, sales and marketing, |
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|
acquisitions and general corporate purposes. |
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|
=================== |
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|
E-House (China) Hldigs |
EJ, B-, 9 |
|||||
|
China real estate services |
Post-IPO shrs:75mm |
|||||
|
Shanghai, China |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
March, 06* |
March, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|
Rev ($mm) |
$31 |
$39 |
$56 |
$4 |
$16 |
Cap (mm) |
|
Gross Profit |
69% |
72% |
82% |
68% |
85% |
$933 |
|
Operating profit (%) |
22% |
38% |
43% |
-43% |
37% |
@$12.5 |
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
$5.6 |
$11.1 |
$18.0 |
-$1.3 |
$4.4 |
|
|
Profit (loss) % |
18% |
29% |
32% |
-33% |
28% |
|
|
* three months ended March 31 |
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|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
E-House (China) (EJ) |
$933 |
10.1 |
37 |
4.9 |
5.0 |
20% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
9 |
|
|
Each ADS represents one ordinary share |
||||||
|
Recent developments |
||||||
|
. EJ estimates that it generated revenues ranging from approximately $22.5 million to $24.0 million for |
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|
the quarter ended June 30, 2007. |
||||||
|
. Also estimates that it had income from operations ranging from approximately $9.2 million to $10.0 million and |
||||||
|
. Net income ranging from approximately $6.0 million to $6.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2007. |
||||||
|
Business |
||||||
|
. A leading real estate services company in China based on scope of services, brand recognition and |
||||||
|
geographic presence. |
||||||
|
. Provides primary real estate agency services, secondary real estate brokerage services as well as real |
||||||
|
estate consulting and information services |
||||||
|
. China Real Estate Information Circle system, or CRIC system: EJ believes their CRIC system is the only |
||||||
|
information system that provides up-to-date, comprehensive and in-depth information covering residential |
||||||
|
and commercial real estate properties in all major regions in China. |
||||||
|
. EJ ranked as the largest real estate agency and consulting services company in China for three consecutive |
||||||
|
years from 2004 to 2006 by the China Real Estate Top 10 Committee, as measured by the number of |
||||||
|
transactions facilitated, transaction value and GFA of properties sold and geographic coverage. |
||||||
|
Segments |
||||||
|
For the quarter ended March 31, 2007 the segment distribution of revenue was |
||||||
|
. Real estate agency services, 79.4% |
||||||
|
. Secondary real estate brokerage services, 11.5% |
||||||
|
. Real estate consulting and information services, 9.1% |
||||||
|
Highlights |
||||||
|
o Enhanced brand recognition and leading position in the real estate services market, as evidenced by the |
||||||
|
award received on March 28, 2007 as the largest real estate agency and consulting service company for the |
||||||
|
third consecutive year; |
||||||
|
o CRIC system was further expanded from covering real estate data in nine cities as of March 31, 2007 to 24 cities |
||||||
|
as of June 30, 2007 |
||||||
|
o Secondary brokerage store network was further expanded from 114 stores as of March 31, 2007 to 141 |
||||||
|
stores as of June 30, 2007; |
||||||
|
o Experienced a minimum of 40.6% increase in revenues from $16.0 million for the first quarter of 2007 to |
||||||
|
the estimated revenues ranging from approximately $22.5 million to approximately $24.0 million for the |
||||||
|
second quarter of 2007; and |
||||||
|
o Experienced a minimum of 36.4% increase in net income from $4.4 million for the first quarter of 2007 to |
||||||
|
the estimated net income ranging from approximately $6.0 million to approximately $6.5 million for the |
||||||
|
second quarter of 2007. |
||||||
|
Tax issues |
||||||
|
. Under the new Enterprise Income Tax Law, enterprises that are established under the laws of foreign |
||||||
|
countries or regions and whose "de facto management bodies" are located within the PRC territory are |
||||||
|
considered PRC resident enterprises, and will be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of |
||||||
|
25% on their worldwide income. |
||||||
|
. However, the new law does not define the term "de facto management bodies." Substantially all of our |
||||||
|
management are currently located in China, and if they remain located in China after January 1, 2008, the |
||||||
|
effective date of the new law, EJ's offshore holding companies may be considered PRC resident enterprises |
||||||
|
and therefore be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income |
||||||
|
. This may increase EJ's tax expenses and adversely affect results of operations. |
||||||
|
Customer concentration & developer relationships |
||||||
|
. Generated 95.2%, 89.2% and 81.6% of total revenues from primary real estate agency services in 2004, |
||||||
|
2005 and 2006, respectively. |
||||||
|
. Although EJ is expanding service offerings, EJ expects to continue to rely on primary real estate agency |
||||||
|
services to generate a significant portion of revenues for the foreseeable future. |
||||||
|
. Revenues from primary real estate agency services are typically generated on a project-by-project basis |
||||||
|
and are non-recurring in nature. This may contribute to the fluctuations in our period-to-period operation |
||||||
|
results. |
||||||
|
. EJ typically enters into agency agreements with developers shortly before they are expected to obtain |
||||||
|
permits to sell their newly developed properties. However, the timing of obtaining these sales permits |
||||||
|
varies from project to project and is subject to uncertain and potentially lengthy delays as developers need |
||||||
|
to obtain a series of other permits and approvals related to the development before obtaining the sales |
||||||
|
permit. |
||||||
|
Seasonal |
||||||
|
. Operating income and earnings have historically been substantially lower during the first quarter than |
||||||
|
other quarters. |
||||||
|
. This results from the relatively low level of real estate activity during the winter and the Chinese New |
||||||
|
Year holiday period, which normally falls within the first quarter each year. |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
> EJ's competitive position in Shanghai, Wuhan and Fuzhou is stronger than its position in other local |
||||||
|
markets. |
||||||
|
. In Shanghai, EJ remained as the leading comprehensive real estate services company for three consecutive |
||||||
|
years starting in 2004 and |
||||||
|
. EJ's leading position was recognized by the prestigious "Golden Bridge" Award EJ received annually for |
||||||
|
the same period from the Shanghai Real Estate Services Company Association. |
||||||
|
> In the primary real estate agency services market, main competitors include World Union Real Estate |
||||||
|
Consultancy (China) Ltd., Hopefluent Group Holdings Limited, Shanghai T&D Real Estate Co. Ltd. And |
||||||
|
B.A. Consulting Company, all of which operate in multiple cities in China |
||||||
|
> In the secondary real estate brokerage services market, EJ competes with established international and |
||||||
|
domestic real estate brokerage firms, including Century 21 China Real Estate, Centaline Group, Coldwell |
||||||
|
Banker, Shanghai House Exchange Co., Ltd., SUNCO Real Estate Co., Ltd., and 5i5j Real Estate Co. Ltd., |
||||||
|
in terms of number of brokerage storefronts, sales force and geographic coverage. |
||||||
|
> In the real estate consulting and information service market, competes with other leading international |
||||||
|
and domestic real estate services companies which provide real estate consulting services, including DTZ |
||||||
|
International, Jones Lang LaSalle, CB Richard Ellis and First Pacific Savills |
||||||
|
Use of $130mmin IPO proceeds from sale of 11.45mm ADSs |
||||||
|
(shareholders intend to sell 3.15 ADSs) |
||||||
|
o $20.0 million to fund capital expenditure, including approximately $10.0 million to fund opening of new |
||||||
|
secondary storefronts and approximately $10.0 million to invest in information and operational systems; |
||||||
|
o $5.0 million to expand our sales and marketing efforts; and |
||||||
|
o balance for general corporate purposes, including funding possible acquisitions of complementary |
||||||
|
businesses, although EJ is not currently negotiating any such transactions. |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||
|
WuXi PharmaTech |
WX, B-, 9 |
|||||
|
biopharma R&D outsourcing |
Post-IPO shrs:60mm |
|||||
|
Shanghai, China |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
March, 06* |
March, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|
Rev ($mm) |
$21 |
$34 |
$70 |
$13 |
$34 |
Cap (mm) |
|
Gross Profit |
55% |
54% |
49% |
42% |
46% |
$720 |
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
$4.3 |
$6.1 |
$8.9 |
$0.8 |
$6.0 |
@$12.5 |
|
Profit (loss) % |
20% |
18% |
13% |
6% |
18% |
|
|
* three months ended March 31 |
||||||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
WuXi PharmaTech (WX) |
$720 |
5.3 |
30 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
22% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
9 |
|
|
Business |
||||||
|
. The leading China-based pharmaceutical and biotechnology research and development, or R&D, |
||||||
|
outsourcing company. |
||||||
|
. Operations are grouped into two segments: |
||||||
|
(1) laboratory services, consisting of discovery chemistry, service biology, analytical, pharmaceutical |
||||||
|
development and process development services, and |
||||||
|
(2) manufacturing, focusing on manufacturing of advanced intermediates and active pharmaceutical |
||||||
|
ingredients for R&D use, or APIs. |
||||||
|
. In 2006 provided services to 70 pharmaceutical and biotechnology customers, including nine of the top 10 |
||||||
|
pharmaceutical companies in the world, as measured by 2006 total revenues. |
||||||
|
. To date, most customers have returned for additional and often larger and longer-term projects, and each |
||||||
|
of the top-ten customers over the last three years continues to be a customer today. |
||||||
|
Outsourcing industry |
||||||
|
. WX has benefited significantly from growth in the global pharmaceutical and biotechnology outsourcing |
||||||
|
industry. |
||||||
|
. This growth is being driven by the need to increase the speed and lower the cost of drug development, |
||||||
|
unmet medical needs of an ageing population, technological innovations that are increasing the conversion |
||||||
|
of lead candidates to drugs, increasing regulatory and safety standards, and the demands of the |
||||||
|
biotechnology industry. |
||||||
|
. In response, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are "offshoring" and/or outsourcing |
||||||
|
R&D activities to regions with significant resource and cost advantages, such as China. |
||||||
|
. Advantages offered by China include a large talent pool in the chemistry, biology and medical sciences |
||||||
|
and other related fields, relatively low-cost labor and capital expenditures, a developed infrastructure and |
||||||
|
favorable government incentives providing for utility, land and tax advantages. |
||||||
|
Growth plan |
||||||
|
. Intends to focus in the near term on successfully expanding service capabilities in chemistry, service |
||||||
|
biology and manufacturing. |
||||||
|
> Laboratory services |
||||||
|
. Beginning in 2007, began to offer preclinical development services, such as |
||||||
|
DMPK, general toxicology services, as well as pharmaceutical development services and manufacturing of |
||||||
|
clinical trial materials. |
||||||
|
. Also intend to expand capacity and facilities. Recently opened the Tianjin facility, adding approximately |
||||||
|
130,000 square feet of R&D space, and began the expansion of the Jinshan plant to quadruple the |
||||||
|
manufacturing capacity of the plant. |
||||||
|
. Planning to construct a preclinical drug safety evaluation center in Suzhou, which WX plans to inaugurate |
||||||
|
in 2009. |
||||||
|
> Manufacturing segment |
||||||
|
Expects the manufacturing segment, which typically has a significantly lower gross margin than the |
||||||
|
laboratory services segment, will represent an increasing percentage of net revenues in 2007 and beyond |
||||||
|
and consequently may result in WX reporting a lower overall gross margin. |
||||||
|
. Moreover, WX expects that the anticipated manufacturing projects at the expanded Jinshan facility will |
||||||
|
result in even lower margins as WX evolves its business from small-scale, discrete projects to large scale, |
||||||
|
higher-volume projects. |
||||||
|
. Also expect margins on manufactured drug products to be adversely impacted by changes effective July 1, |
||||||
|
2007 in the PRC's value-added tax, or VAT, credit system. |
||||||
|
Intellectual property |
||||||
|
In the business of providing drug R&D services, WX's customers generally retain ownership of all |
||||||
|
associated intellectual property, including those they provide to WX and those arising from the services |
||||||
|
WX provides |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology R&D outsourcing market remains highly fragmented. According |
||||||
|
to Kalorama Information, no single supplier has more than one percent of the drug discovery outsourcing |
||||||
|
market. |
||||||
|
. WX competes with industry players in particular service areas, for example with Charles River |
||||||
|
Laboratories International, Inc., which recently partnered with Shanghai BioExplorer Co., Ltd., in the |
||||||
|
preclinical services area, and Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd. and Bioduro, Inc. in the discovery chemistry |
||||||
|
area, but WX believes that it does not compete with any single company across the breadth of its service |
||||||
|
offerings. |
||||||
|
Use of $108mmm in IPO proceeds from sale of 10mm ADSs |
||||||
|
(shareholders intend to sell 3.2mm ADSs) |
||||||
|
o US$40 million for the expansion of Jinshan facility, |
||||||
|
o US$40 million for the construction of a preclinical drug safety evaluation center in Suzhou, |
||||||
|
o balance for general corporate purposes, including working capital, acquisitions and expansion of service |
||||||
|
offerings. |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||
|
Perfect World |
PWRD, B-, 8 |
|||||
|
China online 3D video games |
Post-IPO shrs:56mm ADSs equiv |
|||||
|
Beijing, China |
2006 |
March, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|||
|
Rev ($mm) |
$13 |
$11 |
Cap (mm) |
|||
|
Gross Profit % |
75% |
78% |
$728 |
|||
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
-$4 |
$5.2 |
@$13 |
|||
|
Profit (loss) % |
-27.7% |
46.0% |
||||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
Perfect World (PWRD) |
$728 |
16.1 |
35 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
21% |
|
Compare & contrast |
||||||
|
Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Op earn |
|
|
Compare & contrast |
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
multiple |
|
Perfect World (PWRD) |
$728 |
16.1 |
35 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
34 |
|
Game operators |
||||||
|
The9 Limited (NCTY) |
$1,260 |
9.0 |
37 |
6.8 |
6.8 |
34 |
|
Shanda Interactive (SNDA) |
$2,400 |
8.7 |
10 |
6.8 |
6.8 |
21 |
|
Game developer |
July 16 |
|||||
|
Netease.com Inc. (NTES) |
$2,300 |
8.3 |
15 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
14 |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
ADS offering, five shares per ADS |
||||||
|
MMORPG: a massively (or massive) multiplayer online role-playing game |
||||||
|
Business |
||||||
|
> A leading 3D online game developer and operator in China as measured by the popularity of games in |
||||||
|
China in 2006, according to a report published by IDC. |
||||||
|
> New business |
||||||
|
. Began game development business in 2004, and launched first MMORPG, Perfect World, in January |
||||||
|
2006 |
||||||
|
. Launched other three MMORPGs, Legend of Martial Arts, Perfect World II and Zhu Xian, in September |
||||||
|
2006, November 2006 and May 2007 |
||||||
|
. In the first quarter of 2007, PWRD games recorded approximately 237,000 average concurrent users in |
||||||
|
China. |
||||||
|
Major Characteristics of the Online Game Market in China. |
||||||
|
o Migration to 3D games. |
||||||
|
There has been a noticeable trend towards development and operation of 3D online games in China. |
||||||
|
Compared with 2D games, 3D settings and characters provide a more realistic representation of real-life |
||||||
|
objects and can depict more complex activities and movement. 3D games with enhanced graphics are more |
||||||
|
attractive to players, in particular MMORPG players. |
||||||
|
o Increasing acceptance of the item-based revenue model. |
||||||
|
The item-based revenue model is gaining wider market acceptance. While many of the older games use the |
||||||
|
traditional time-based model, many of the newer games are being introduced with the item-based model. |
||||||
|
Internet users are more likely to be attracted to playing item-based games since there is no initial charge to |
||||||
|
play the game. |
||||||
|
. The model also presents players with a personalized and differentiated service portfolio and increases the |
||||||
|
ability of online game companies to generate higher revenues per customer. |
||||||
|
. According to IDC, in 2006, more than 60% of online game revenues in China were generated from the |
||||||
|
item-based model, compared to a very low percentage in 2005. |
||||||
|
PWRD's game development platform |
||||||
|
. Primarily develops 3D online games based on a proprietary Angelica 3D game engine and game |
||||||
|
development platform |
||||||
|
. PWRD's game development platform is built on modularized functions which allow PWRD to shorten the |
||||||
|
development cycle of 3D MMORPGs to approximately six months for the most recent games and to update |
||||||
|
our games frequently with new features. |
||||||
|
Revenue models |
||||||
|
> Time based |
||||||
|
Used a time-based revenue model for the first game, Perfect World, under which players were charged |
||||||
|
players based on the time they spend playing the game. |
||||||
|
> Item based |
||||||
|
. Used an item-based revenue model for Legend of Martial Arts, Perfect World II and Zhu Xian, under |
||||||
|
which players can play the games for free, but are charged for purchases of in-game items, such as |
||||||
|
performance-enhancing items, clothing, accessories and pets. |
||||||
|
. In 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, 46.9% and 86.5%, respectively, of online game operation revenues |
||||||
|
were generated through this item-based model. |
||||||
|
Distribution |
||||||
|
. Distributes physical and virtual prepaid game cards to players in China through a variety of channels, |
||||||
|
consisting primarily of a network of 27 third-party distributors of our physical cards and one national |
||||||
|
distributor of PWRD's virtual cards. |
||||||
|
. Also sells online points through a proprietary E-sales system and the PWRD website. |
||||||
|
Licensing |
||||||
|
. Although most of revenues are generated in China, has licensed Perfect World II and Legend of Martial |
||||||
|
Arts to leading game operators in 11 and seven countries and regions, respectively, including Japan and |
||||||
|
Taiwan, |
||||||
|
. Ad plans to license games to more countries and regions. |
||||||
|
Factors affecting operating results - company specific factors |
||||||
|
Including |
||||||
|
. Number of online games available in the market, the popularity of PWRD's games, game items compared |
||||||
|
with those of competitors, |
||||||
|
. Pricing of games and in-game items, the speed at which PWRD develops and launches new online games |
||||||
|
and related in-game items, growth of overseas licensing revenues |
||||||
|
. Cost of developing, operating and marketing online games. |
||||||
|
Online Game Operation Revenues |
||||||
|
In 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, substantially all revenues were generated from online game |
||||||
|
operations in China. |
||||||
|
> First game |
||||||
|
. Launched the first game, Perfect World, in January 2006, using the time-based revenue model, and 53.1%, |
||||||
|
or RMB52.3 million (US$6.8 million), of online game operation revenues in 2006 were derived from this |
||||||
|
game. With respect to games operated under the time-based model, the revenue growth will depend |
||||||
|
primarily on the increase in the number of players and their playtime. |
||||||
|
. Expects that revenues generated from games operated under the time-based model will decrease as a |
||||||
|
percentage of online game operation revenues because PWRD began using the item-based model only in |
||||||
|
September 2006 and plans to continue to use this model for new games. |
||||||
|
> 2nd and 3rd games |
||||||
|
. Launched our second and third games, Legend of Martial Arts and Perfect World II, in late September and |
||||||
|
the end of November 2006, respectively, using the item-based revenue model. |
||||||
|
. In 2006, 43.8%, or RMB43.1 million (US$5.6 million), and 3.1%, or RMB3.0 million (US$0.4 million), |
||||||
|
of online game operation revenues were derived from Legend of Martial Arts and Perfect World II, |
||||||
|
respectively. |
||||||
|
> 4th game |
||||||
|
. Will also adopt the item-based revenue model for the fourth game, Zhu Xian, which was launched in late |
||||||
|
May 2007, and plans to adopt the item-based revenue model for all of new games that will be launched in |
||||||
|
'2007 and early 2008. |
||||||
|
> Item based revenue |
||||||
|
With respect to games using the item-based revenue model, the revenue growth will depend primarily on |
||||||
|
the increase in the number of players and the average spending of players. |
||||||
|
. PWRD expects that revenues derived from games operated under the item-based model will continue to |
||||||
|
increase as a percentage of total revenues in the foreseeable future. |
||||||
|
> Two new MMORPG games |
||||||
|
. PWRD targets to launch two new MMORPGs and a casual game in 2007 and early 2008. |
||||||
|
Revenues |
||||||
|
. In 2006, launched the first three games and generated revenues of RMB99.4 million (US$12.9 million). |
||||||
|
. For the first quarter of 2007, generated revenues of RMB87.2 million (US$11.3 million). |
||||||
|
. Expects that revenues will further increase in the near future, driven by the launch of additional games, |
||||||
|
increasing monetization of games, and expansion of overseas licensing. |
||||||
|
. Online game operation revenues are net of sales discounts and rebates to distributors, which historically |
||||||
|
have averaged approximately 16.4% of the face value of prepaid game cards sold to our distributors. |
||||||
|
Intellectual Property |
||||||
|
. Includes trademarks, trade secrets and domain names in China and copyright and other rights associated |
||||||
|
with our websites, game engine, technology platform, self-developed software and other aspects of our |
||||||
|
business. |
||||||
|
. Relies on trade secret protection, trademark and copyright law, non-competition and confidentiality |
||||||
|
agreements with employees, and license agreements with partners, to protect intellectual property rights. |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
o online game developers in China, including NetEase, Kingsoft and ZTGame; |
||||||
|
o online game operators in China, including Shanda and The9; and |
||||||
|
o other competitors, including major Internet portal operators in China, and game developers and operators |
||||||
|
in the overseas markets where PWRD offers its games. |
||||||
|
Use of $106mm IPO proceeds from sale of 9mm ADSs |
||||||
|
(shareholders intend to offer 2.8mm ADSs) |
||||||
|
. Expand research and development efforts |
||||||
|
. General corporate purposes, including capital expenditures and funding possible future acquisitions. |
||||||
|
Tax Issues |
||||||
|
> PRC EIT is generally assessed at the rate of 33% of taxable income. Under current PRC rules and |
||||||
|
policies, an enterprise qualified both as a "software enterprise" and a "high and new technology enterprise" |
||||||
|
is entitled to a preferential EIT rate of 15% and is further entitled to a two-year EIT exemption for the first |
||||||
|
two years during which it has cumulative taxable income, and a 50% reduction of its applicable EIT rate for |
||||||
|
the succeeding three years. In addition, an enterprise qualified as a "high and new technology enterprise" |
||||||
|
located in the Beijing New Industry Development Pilot Zone is entitled to a preferential EIT rate of 15% |
||||||
|
and is further entitled to a three-year EIT exemption from either its first year of operation or, if it is |
||||||
|
incorporated in the second half of a calendar year, its second year of operation if so selected, and a 50% |
||||||
|
reduction of its applicable EIT rate for the succeeding three years. |
||||||
|
> PW Network is currently qualified both as a "software enterprise" and a "high and new technology |
||||||
|
enterprise" in China and enjoying preferential tax treatments as a result of this status. PW Network did not |
||||||
|
have any cumulative taxable income during the period from March 10, 2004 (date of inception to |
||||||
|
December 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006. We expect 2007 and 2008 to be the |
||||||
|
first two years during which PW Network has cumulative taxable income. Therefore, PW Network is |
||||||
|
expected to be exempted from EIT in 2007 and 2008 and be subject to a 7.5% EIT from 2009 to 2011. |
||||||
|
> PW Software is currently qualified as a "high and new technology enterprise" located in the Beijing New |
||||||
|
Industry Development Pilot Zone and enjoying preferential tax treatments as a result of this status. PW |
||||||
|
Software was incorporated in the second half of 2006, and has elected to be exempted from EIT from 2007 |
||||||
|
and 2009 and be subject to a 7.5% EIT from 2010 to 2012. However, PW Software and PW Network's |
||||||
|
qualifications are subject to an annual or biennial assessment by the relevant government authority in |
||||||
|
China. There is no assurance that they will continue to meet the criteria to qualify as "software enterprises" |
||||||
|
or "high and new technology enterprises" or that the relevant government authority will not revoke their |
||||||
|
preferential tax treatments. |
||||||
|
> On March 16, 2007, the National People's Congress of China enacted a new enterprise income tax law, |
||||||
|
under which FIEs and domestic companies would be subject to EIT at a uniform rate of 25%. Preferential |
||||||
|
tax treatments will continue to be granted to entities that are classified as "high and new technology |
||||||
|
enterprises strongly supported by the State" or conduct business in encouraged sectors, whether FIEs or |
||||||
|
domestic companies. The new tax law will become effective on January 1, 2008. Under the new tax law, |
||||||
|
enterprises that were established and already enjoyed preferential tax treatments before March 16, 2007 |
||||||
|
will continue to enjoy them (i) in the case of preferential tax rates, for a period of five years from January 1, |
||||||
|
2008, or (ii) in the case of preferential tax exemption or reduction for a specified term, until the expiration |
||||||
|
of such term. Therefore, PW Network and PW Software will continue to be entitled to the preferential tax |
||||||
|
treatments currently enjoyed by them during such transition period |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||
|
Spreadtrum Com |
SPRD, C+, 7 |
|||||
|
Chinese designer of wireless handset ICs |
Post-IPO shrs: 41mm ADSs equiv |
|||||
|
Zhangjiang, Shanghai, China |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
March, 06* |
March, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|
Rev ($mm) |
$13 |
$38 |
$107 |
$20 |
$26 |
Cap (mm) |
|
Gross Profit % |
22% |
23% |
41% |
31% |
43% |
$497 |
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
-$11 |
-$12 |
$14 |
$0.6 |
$2.0 |
@$12 |
|
Profit (loss) % |
-88.4% |
-30.6% |
13.4% |
3.0% |
7.6% |
|
|
Employees |
316 |
416 |
576 |
419 |
637 |
|
|
*quarter ended March 31 |
||||||
|
Quarterly results |
6-Jun |
Sept 06 |
Dec 06 |
March 07 |
||
|
Revenue |
||||||
|
. Baseband |
$12 |
$16 |
$23 |
$21 |
||
|
. Turnkey |
$18 |
$11 |
$8 |
$6 |
||
|
Total revenue |
$30 |
$27 |
$31 |
$26 |
||
|
Profit ($mm) |
$5 |
$4 |
$5 |
$2 |
||
|
Profit % of reve |
16% |
14% |
17% |
8% |
||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
Spreadtrum Com (SPRD) |
$497 |
4.7 |
62 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
21% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
Business |
||||||
|
. Fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops and markets baseband processor solutions for the |
||||||
|
wireless communications market. |
||||||
|
. Combines semiconductor design expertise with our software development capabilities to deliver highly |
||||||
|
integrated baseband processors with multimedia functionality and power management. |
||||||
|
. Have developed solutions based on an open development platform, enabling our customers to develop |
||||||
|
customized wireless products that are feature-rich and meet their cost and time-to-market requirements. |
||||||
|
SPRD is a recognized leader in the emerging China semiconductor industry as indicated by various third |
||||||
|
party awards received that are based, in part, on the technological innovation of SPRD's baseband |
||||||
|
semiconductors. |
||||||
|
Awards include |
||||||
|
. By the China Semiconductor Industry Association as one of the integrated circuit design companies in |
||||||
|
China with the highest growth potential for 2005, |
||||||
|
. The People's Republic of China National Science and Technology Advancement First Class Award |
||||||
|
awarded by the State Council in 2006 and |
||||||
|
. The award by the Management Case Center of Peking University and Communications Weekly as one of |
||||||
|
the top telecommunications equipment suppliers for 2006. |
||||||
|
Industry overview |
||||||
|
. The wireless communications market is highly dynamic and represents one of the most important |
||||||
|
communications markets in the world. |
||||||
|
. According to iSuppli Corporation, or iSuppli, a leading market research firm focused on the electronics |
||||||
|
industry, global wireless (mobile handset) subscribers reached 2.2 billion in 2005, and are expected to grow |
||||||
|
to 3.7 billion in 2010. |
||||||
|
. In particular, China represents the world's largest wireless market, with 487.4 million wireless subscribers |
||||||
|
as of April 2007 according to the Ministry of Information Industry. |
||||||
|
> The baseband semiconductor |
||||||
|
. The baseband semiconductor is the most critical semiconductor component in the wireless handset. |
||||||
|
. It is commonly referred to as the engine of a wireless handset, equivalent to the central processing unit of |
||||||
|
a computer. According to iSuppli, revenue from worldwide GSM, GPRS, EDGE and WCDMA baseband |
||||||
|
semiconductor shipments reached $8.5 billion in 2005 and is expected to grow to $13.1 billion by 2010 |
||||||
|
. According to iSuppli, the baseband semiconductor market in China is expected to grow from $3.5 billion |
||||||
|
in 2005, representing 30.6% of the worldwide market, to $6.8 billion in 2010, representing 41.3% of the |
||||||
|
worldwide market. |
||||||
|
Customers and concentration |
||||||
|
. SPRD's top five customers in 2004, 2005, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007 collectively |
||||||
|
accounted for 66.1%, 52.2%, 40.4% and 54.7%, respectively, of revenue. |
||||||
|
. Currently sells substantially products to brand manufacturers, independent design houses, or IDHs, |
||||||
|
vendors who specialize exclusively in the design of wireless handsets based on customer specifications, and |
||||||
|
original design manufacturers, or ODMs, contract manufacturers who use their own designs and intellectual |
||||||
|
property to develop and manufacture wireless handsets for customers |
||||||
|
Portfolio |
||||||
|
. Of highly-integrated baseband processor solutions that support a broad range of wireless communications |
||||||
|
standards, including GSM, GPRS and TD-SCDMA, an international 3G standard for wireless |
||||||
|
communications promoted by China. |
||||||
|
. A baseband processor is the most critical semiconductor component of a wireless handset, responsible for |
||||||
|
encoding and decoding wireless communications transmissions, serving as a platform for the handset's |
||||||
|
operating system and multimedia applications, managing storage and directing short range connectivity |
||||||
|
such as Bluetooth traffic. |
||||||
|
. SPRD solutions also offer a wide array of multimedia capabilities such as TV-out, MP3 digital audio |
||||||
|
playback, Motion JPEG, MPEG4 and H.264 digital video playback and 64-channel polyphonic ringtone |
||||||
|
playback. |
||||||
|
Milestones |
||||||
|
SPRD's business model has enabled the rapid development of advanced products. |
||||||
|
. Within the first 15 months of inception, had fully developed the first series of integrated baseband |
||||||
|
semiconductors for the GSM/GPRS market. |
||||||
|
. In June 2005, commercially introduced what SPRD believes to be the world's first fully integrated analog |
||||||
|
and digital baseband semiconductor with power management and multimedia functionality. |
||||||
|
. In the 3G area, has been instrumental in the development, trialing and planned commercial rollout of the |
||||||
|
TD-SCDMA standard. |
||||||
|
. In April 2004, developed what SPRD believes to be the world's first dual-mode TD-SCDMA/GSM |
||||||
|
baseband processor. |
||||||
|
. In addition, is an active member of the TD-SCDMA Industry Alliance, which is responsible for |
||||||
|
developing and enhancing the standard globally. |
||||||
|
> In February 2007, announced development of a TD-SCDMA baseband semiconductor that supports |
||||||
|
HSDPA. |
||||||
|
. Intends to offer samples of a baseband processor that supports EDGE in the second half of 2007, and are |
||||||
|
developing solutions that will support other 3G wireless standards, such as WCDMA/UMTS. |
||||||
|
. In addition, working to develop advanced products to further expand the current portfolio, including |
||||||
|
solutions that incorporate smart phone functionality, advanced multimedia applications and other |
||||||
|
applications such as mobile digital TV, which allows subscribers to receive television transmissions |
||||||
|
through their wireless handsets. |
||||||
|
3 Months Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
||||||
|
Revenue |
||||||
|
Revenue increased by 32.9% to $26.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 from $19.7 |
||||||
|
million for the same period in 2006. |
||||||
|
. This increase was primarily due to an increase in units of baseband semiconductors shipped to 3.7 million |
||||||
|
units in the first quarter of 2007 from approximately 722,000 units in the first quarter of 2006, partially |
||||||
|
offset by a decline of 61.7% in the average selling price. |
||||||
|
. The decline in average selling price was due, in large part, to the change in product mix. |
||||||
|
> Basedband semiconductors |
||||||
|
Baseband semiconductors, which typically carry lower average selling prices, accounted for 78.7% of total |
||||||
|
revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to 24.6% for the same period in 2006. |
||||||
|
> Turnkey solutions |
||||||
|
Turnkey solutions, which typically carry higher average selling prices, accounted for 21.3% of total |
||||||
|
revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to 75.4% for the same period in 2006. |
||||||
|
Revenue affected somewhat by seasonality |
||||||
|
. Revenue has generally increased from quarter to quarter, although SPRD experienced declines in revenue |
||||||
|
in the first quarter of 2007 to $26.2 million from $31.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2006, in the first |
||||||
|
quarter of 2006 to $19.7 million from $20.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2005 and in the third quarter of |
||||||
|
2006 to $26.7 million from $29.7 million in the second quarter of 2006. |
||||||
|
. These quarter to quarter declines in revenue in the first and third quarters of 2006 and the first quarter of |
||||||
|
2007 were primarily due to the seasonality factors, which increased revenue in the preceding quarters. |
||||||
|
> Baseband semiconductor sales |
||||||
|
Revenue from baseband semiconductor sales has generally increased from quarter to quarter since SPRD |
||||||
|
commenced large volume shipments in the third quarter of 2005 while revenue from turnkey solution sales |
||||||
|
increased from quarter to quarter in 2005 and then decreased from quarter to quarter in 2006 except an |
||||||
|
increase in the second quarter of 2006 as compared to the first quarter of 2006. |
||||||
|
. These trends are consistent with a shift in focus toward generating revenue from sales of higher margin |
||||||
|
baseband semiconductors, which SPRD began to implement in the first quarter of 2006. |
||||||
|
> Baseband seasonality |
||||||
|
In the first quarter of 2007, revenue from the sale of baseband semiconductors was 9.1% lower than the |
||||||
|
fourth quarter of 2006. |
||||||
|
. Shipped approximately 3.7 million units of baseband semiconductors in the first quarter of 2007 as |
||||||
|
compared to approximately 3.5 million units in the fourth quarter of 2006 |
||||||
|
. Although the decline in average selling price had a greater impact than the increase in shipping volume. |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
The baseband semiconductor industry is highly competitive and dynamic and is characterized by rapid |
||||||
|
technological changes, evolving industry standards, price reductions and rapid product obsolescence. |
||||||
|
. Currently sells substantially all of SPRD's products to brand manufacturers, IDHs (Independent Design |
||||||
|
Houses) and ODMs (Original Design Manufacturers, a contract manufacturer that uses its own designs and |
||||||
|
intellectual property) |
||||||
|
. Primarily competes in China with baseband processor solutions providers, such as Analog Devices, |
||||||
|
Infineon, MediaTek and Texas Instruments. |
||||||
|
. SPRD expands its business, it may compete in the future with additional baseband processor solutions |
||||||
|
providers, such as Broadcom, Freescale and NXP. |
||||||
|
Use of $85.5mm in IPO proceeds |
||||||
|
. Working capital and other general corporate purposes, including to finance our growth, develop new |
||||||
|
products and fund capital expenditures |
||||||
|
. In addition, we may choose to expand our current business through acquisitions of other businesses, |
||||||
|
products or technologies. |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||
|
Yingli Green Energy |
YGE, B-, 8 |
|||||
|
Vertically integrated photovoltaic prod |
Post-IPO shrs: 129m |
|||||
|
Bauding, China |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
March, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|
|
Rev ($mm) |
$212 |
$56 |
Cap (mm) |
|||
|
Gross Profit % |
21% |
30% |
28% |
21% |
$1,548 |
|
|
Operating Income % |
11% |
23% |
22% |
10% |
@$12 |
|
|
Profit (loss) $mm |
$34 |
$1.1 |
||||
|
Profit (loss) % |
5.1% |
18.2% |
16.0% |
1.9% |
||
|
*quarter ending March 31 |
||||||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
Yingli Green Energy YGE |
$1,548 |
7.0 |
358 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
22% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
Business |
||||||
|
. One of the leading vertically integrated photovoltaic, or PV, product manufacturers in China. |
||||||
|
. End-products include PV modules and PV systems in different sizes and power outputs. |
||||||
|
. Sells PV modules under own brand name, Yingli, to PV system integrators and distributors located in |
||||||
|
various markets around the world, including Germany, Spain, China and the United States. |
||||||
|
Tianwei Yingli is the principle operating subsidiary |
||||||
|
. Through Tianwei Yingli, the principal operating subsidiary based in China, YGE designs, manufactures |
||||||
|
and sells PV modules |
||||||
|
. Also designs, assembles, sells and installs PV systems that are connected to an electricity transmission |
||||||
|
grid or those that operate on a stand-alone basis. |
||||||
|
Vertically integrated |
||||||
|
. YGE believes it is one of the few large-scale PV companies in China to have adopted vertical integration |
||||||
|
as their business model. |
||||||
|
. Except for the production of polysilicon materials that are used to manufacture polysilicon ingots and |
||||||
|
wafers, products and services substantially cover the entire PV industry value chain from the manufacture |
||||||
|
of multicrystalline polysilicon ingots and wafers, PV cells, PV modules and PV systems to PV system |
||||||
|
installation. |
||||||
|
Industry Demand |
||||||
|
. According to Solarbuzz, the global PV market, as measured by annual PV system installation, increased |
||||||
|
from 345 megawatts in 2001 to 1,744 megawatts in 2006. |
||||||
|
. Solarbuzz's "Balanced Energy" forecast scenario forecasted global PV industry revenues and PV system |
||||||
|
installations to be US$18.6 billion and 4,177 megawatts in 2011, respectively. |
||||||
|
. Demand tends to be lower in the first quarter than in the subsequent three quarters in a given year, |
||||||
|
primarily because of adverse weather conditions in our key markets, such as Germany, which complicate |
||||||
|
the installation of solar power system |
||||||
|
Annual production capacity |
||||||
|
. 95 megawatts of polysilicon ingots and wafers |
||||||
|
. 90 megawatts of PV cells and |
||||||
|
. 100 megawatts of PV modules |
||||||
|
YGE believes it is are currently one of the largest manufacturers of PV products in China as measured by |
||||||
|
annual production capacity. |
||||||
|
Expansion |
||||||
|
In April 2006, launched a new expansion project in Baoding, China to increase annual production capacity |
||||||
|
of polysilicon ingots and wafers, PV cells and PV modules to 600 megawatts each by 2010. |
||||||
|
History |
||||||
|
In 2002, began producing PV modules with an initial annual production capacity of three megawatts and |
||||||
|
have significantly expanded production capacities of PV products in the past five years to the current level. |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
> The number of PV product manufacturers is rapidly increasing due to the growth of actual and forecast |
||||||
|
demand for PV products and the relatively low barriers to entry |
||||||
|
> Since 2004, a substantial majority of revenues have been derived from overseas markets, particularly |
||||||
|
Germany, and increasingly Spain and the United States, and YGE expects these trends to continue |
||||||
|
> A substantial portion of our revenues is also derived from China. |
||||||
|
> In these markets, YTE often competes with local and international producers of PV products that are |
||||||
|
substantially larger including the solar energy divisions of large conglomerates such as BP Solar and Sharp |
||||||
|
Corporation, PV module manufacturers such as Sunpower (SPWR). and Suntech Power (STP) and |
||||||
|
integrated PV product manufacturers such as SolarWorld AG, Renewable Energy Corporation and Trina |
||||||
|
Solar (TSL) |
||||||
|
Use of $290mm in IPO proceeds from sale of 26.66mm ADSs |
||||||
|
(shareholders intends to sell 2.5mm ADSs) |
||||||
|
o US$38 million to redeem all of the outstanding mandatory redeemable bonds issued by YGE on |
||||||
|
November 13, 2006 to Yingli Power, the controlling shareholder, and |
||||||
|
o US$252.4 million to make an equity contribution to Tianwei Yingli, which would increase YGE's equity |
||||||
|
interest in Tianwei Yingli from 70.11% to 73.6%. |
||||||
|
> Tianwei Yingli is expected to use the proceeds as follows |
||||||
|
o US$200.0 million to fund a majority of the planned expansion of Tianwei Yingli's manufacturing |
||||||
|
capacity for the production of polysilicon ingots and wafers, PV cells and PV modules each to reach 400 |
||||||
|
megawatts by the end of 2008 |
||||||
|
o US$50.0 million to purchase, or prepay for, raw materials; and |
||||||
|
o the remaining amount for other general corporate purposes, such as potential strategic acquisitions of, or |
||||||
|
investments in, businesses, products and technologies |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||
|
LDK Solar |
LDK, B-, 8 |
|||||
|
multicrystalline wafers for solar cells |
Post-IPO shrs: 104m |
|||||
|
Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, China |
2006 |
March, 07* |
IPO Mkt |
|||
|
Rev ($mm) |
$105 |
$73 |
Cap (mm) |
|||
|
Gross profit % |
40% |
39% |
$2,704 |
|||
|
Operating income % |
35% |
35% |
@$26 |
|||
|
Profit (loss) |
$30 |
$24.5 |
||||
|
Profit (loss) % |
29% |
33% |
||||
|
Export sales |
*quarter ending March 31 |
|||||
|
% sales to China-based cos |
75% |
50% |
||||
|
% export sales |
25% |
50% |
||||
|
Quarterly progression |
June, 06 |
Sept 06 |
Dec 06 |
March 31, 07 |
||
|
Rev ($mm) |
$12 |
$32 |
$62 |
$73 |
||
|
Profit (loss) |
$1 |
$5.0 |
$24 |
$24.5 |
||
|
Profit (loss) % |
11% |
16% |
39% |
33% |
||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
LDK Solar (LDK) |
$2,704 |
9.3 |
28 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
17% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
Each American Depositary Shares represents one ordinary share |
||||||
|
Business |
||||||
|
.Produces and sell multicrystalline solar wafers to manufacturers of photovoltaic products, including solar |
||||||
|
cells and solar modules, both in and outside China. |
||||||
|
. Solar power has emerged as one of the primary distributed generation technologies. |
||||||
|
March quarter problems |
||||||
|
. Has experienced delays in fulfilling purchase orders from some customers due to shortages in supplies of |
||||||
|
polysilicon feedstock and constraints in production capacity. |
||||||
|
. For example, during the first quarter of 2007, production was interrupted because LDK temporarily shut |
||||||
|
down DSS furnaces to install safety kits provided by GT Solar, manufacturer of our DSS furnaces. |
||||||
|
. These safety kits are thermal blankets which are placed at the bottom of DSS furnaces to prevent molten |
||||||
|
silicon from breaching the furnaces. |
||||||
|
Market growth |
||||||
|
> 51.5% compound growth: global crystalline solar cells |
||||||
|
. According to Photon International global crystalline solar cell or module production will increase from 1.5 |
||||||
|
gigawatts in 2005 to 12.0 gigawatts in 2010 |
||||||
|
. Rrepresenting a compound annual growth rate of 51.6% |
||||||
|
. According to Solarbuzz, monocrystalline wafers in 2006 represented approximately 42% of the global |
||||||
|
photovoltaic cell production while multicrystalline wafers constituted approximately 49%. |
||||||
|
> 19% compound growth: global solar photovoltaic market installations |
||||||
|
. According to SolarBuzz, a research and consulting firm, global solar photovoltaic market installations |
||||||
|
reached a record high of 1,744MW in 2006 and are expected to grow to 4,177MW by 2011 |
||||||
|
. Representing a compound annual growth rate of 19.1%. |
||||||
|
. Germany, Japan and the United States presently comprise the majority of world market sales for solar |
||||||
|
power systems. Government policies in these countries, in the form of both regulation and incentives, have |
||||||
|
accelerated the adoption of solar technologies by businesses and consumers. |
||||||
|
LDK's short operating history |
||||||
|
. Incorporated on May 1, 2006 to acquire the operating subsidiary, Jiangxi LDK Solar, which was |
||||||
|
incorporated on July 5, 2005. |
||||||
|
. Commenced construction of the first manufacturing plant in Xinyu Hi-Tech Industrial Park of Jiangxi |
||||||
|
province in China in 2005. |
||||||
|
. Completed the installation of the first set of production equipment for trial runs in February 2006 and |
||||||
|
made the first commercial shipment of solar wafers in April 2006. |
||||||
|
Agreement to supply Suntech (NYSE: STP) |
||||||
|
STP has a market cap of $5.24bb and reported Dec 2006 quarter revenues of $218mm |
||||||
|
. LDK has entered into a cooperation agreement with Suntech, pursuant to which LDK has committed to |
||||||
|
supply to Suntech 100 MW of wafers in 2007 |
||||||
|
. And, in each year from 2008 to 2015, wafers equal to 40% to 60% of annual production. |
||||||
|
TAX RATES |
||||||
|
. Jiangxi LDK Solar is entitled to a two-year exemption from the national enterprise income tax for 2006 |
||||||
|
and 2007 and will be subject to a reduced national enterprise income tax rate of 15% from 2008 through |
||||||
|
2010 |
||||||
|
. Likewise, Jiangxi LDK Solar is entitled to a five-year exemption from the local enterprise income tax |
||||||
|
beginning in 2006 and will be subject to a reduced local enterprise income tax rate of 1.5% from 2011 |
||||||
|
through 2015. |
||||||
|
RISKS: |
||||||
|
. Accounting issues: LDK's independent registered public accounting firm, in the course of auditing |
||||||
|
consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006, noted a significant deficiency and |
||||||
|
other weaknesses in LDK's internal control over financial reporting; |
||||||
|
. Fluctuations in exchange rates |
||||||
|
Capacity expansion |
||||||
|
. As of March 31, 2007, had an annual multicrystalline wafer production capacity of 215 MW. |
||||||
|
. According to the current expansion plan, intends to continue to increase annual production capacity, |
||||||
|
which is expected to reach 400 MW by the end of 2007 and 800 MW by the end of 2008. |
||||||
|
. Currently does not have contractual commitments for all the equipment necessary for the expansion of |
||||||
|
production capacity beyond 600 MW to approximately 800 MW by the end of 2008. |
||||||
|
Customers |
||||||
|
. Principal customers have included CSI, Chinalight, Solarfun, Solartech Energy, Solland Solar, Suntech, in |
||||||
|
terms of net sales during the 12-month period ended March 31, 2007. |
||||||
|
. Has sold wafers to Chinalight primarily pursuant to short-term sales contracts and monthly and quarterly |
||||||
|
purchase orders. |
||||||
|
. Historically, the majority of sales have been in China. |
||||||
|
. LDK is enhancing and broadening its revenue and customer base to target other leading global |
||||||
|
photovoltaic cell and module manufacturers. |
||||||
|
Customer concentration |
||||||
|
. LDK currentlys sell multicrystalline wafers to over 30 customers. |
||||||
|
. Mostly solar cell and module manufacturers, including CSI, Chinalight, Solarfun, Solartech Energy, |
||||||
|
Solland Solar and Suntech. |
||||||
|
. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007, LDK's five largest customers collectively |
||||||
|
accounted for 70.2% and 56.8%, respectively, of net sales. |
||||||
|
. Suntech and Solarfun contributed 39.7% and 13.9% (total 54%), respectively, of net sales for the year |
||||||
|
ended December 31, 2006. |
||||||
|
. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, Suntech and Solarfun contributed 18.3% and 9.7% (28 |
||||||
|
total), respectively, of LDK's net sales. |
||||||
|
. Chinalight contributed 13.6% of net sales for the three-month period. LDK does, however, have long |
||||||
|
term contracts with Chinalight. |
||||||
|
Government subsidies drive the solar power market |
||||||
|
. At present, the cost of solar power substantially exceeds the cost of conventional power provided by |
||||||
|
electric utility grids in many locations around the world. |
||||||
|
. Growth of the solar power market, particularly for on-grid applications, depends largely on the availability |
||||||
|
and size of government subsidies and economic incentives. |
||||||
|
. Renewable energy policies are in place in the European Union, most notably Germany and Spain, certain |
||||||
|
countries in Asia, including China, Japan and South Korea, and many of the states in Australia and the |
||||||
|
United States |
||||||
|
Polysilicon feedstock |
||||||
|
. Solar-grade polysilicon feedstock is an essential raw material in manufacturing multicrystalline solar |
||||||
|
wafers. LDK's operations depend on its ability to procure sufficient quantities of solar-grade polysilicon on |
||||||
|
a timely basis and on commercially reasonable terms. |
||||||
|
. Polysilicon is also an essential raw material for the semiconductor industry, which requires polysilicon of |
||||||
|
higher purity than that for the solar industry. |
||||||
|
. The significant growth of the solar wafer industry and the competing demand and buying power of the |
||||||
|
semiconductor industry have resulted in an industry-wide shortage in solar-grade polysilicon and a |
||||||
|
significant increase in solar-grade polysilicon price over the past few years. |
||||||
|
. . According to Solarbuzz, the average price of virgin polysilicon under long-term supply contracts |
||||||
|
increased from approximately $35 to $40 per kilogram delivered in 2005 to $50 to $55 per kilogram |
||||||
|
delivered in 2006, and is estimated to further increase to $60 to $65 per kilogram delivered in 2007. |
||||||
|
Limited number of virgin polysilicon producers |
||||||
|
. According to Solarbuzz, the largest five virgin polysilicon producers had a combined production capacity |
||||||
|
of 86% of the global production capacity of polysilicon in 2006. |
||||||
|
. These virgin polysilicon producers not only provide silicon feedstock to the solar industry but are also the |
||||||
|
sources of polysilicon feedstock for the semiconductor industry. |
||||||
|
Polysilicon, pre-payments & supply issues |
||||||
|
> Some suppliers haven't delivered |
||||||
|
As of December 31, 2006, prepayments to polysilicon suppliers amounted to $37.7 million. |
||||||
|
. Some of LDK's suppliers have failed to meet their delivery schedule in the past. |
||||||
|
> Polysilicon is in short supply |
||||||
|
. In order to secure supplies of polysilicon, LDK has entered into substantial long-term contractual |
||||||
|
commitments to purchase polysilicon from various suppliers. |
||||||
|
. . As of March 31, 2007, polysilicon purchase commitments amounted to $897 million. Polysilicon |
||||||
|
purchase commitments are generally on a "take or pay" basis, so that LDK is required to purchase the |
||||||
|
contracted supplies of polysilicon even if it is unable to use them. |
||||||
|
RISK: If LDK's wafer production and sales and polysilicon requirements do not grow as expected, these |
||||||
|
purchase commitments could have a material adverse effect on LDK's financial condition |
||||||
|
> Polysilicon supply sources & cost |
||||||
|
. Despite the current industry-wide shortage of polysilicon, LDK believes that its polysilicon feedstock |
||||||
|
inventory and commitments from suppliers are sufficient to satisfy over 90% of estimated requirements for |
||||||
|
2007 and 50% of estimated requirements for 2008. |
||||||
|
. Many of the polysilicon supply agreements are subject to fluctuating market prices or price negotiations |
||||||
|
with suppliers. The majority of LDK's polysilicon feedstock consists of polysilicon scraps and recyclable |
||||||
|
polysilicon. Sources a portion of polysilicon feedstock from the spot market from time to time depending |
||||||
|
on the price and requirements. |
||||||
|
SUPPLY RISK: some competitors, including Evergreen Solar (ESLR) have polysilicon supply contracts |
||||||
|
running out to 2014. LDK's current supply contracts seem to have a short window. |
||||||
|
Intellectual Property Rights |
||||||
|
. LDK has developed various production process related know-how and technologies in-house. |
||||||
|
. In addition, we have embarked on a number of research and development programs, including a |
||||||
|
collaboration with Shanghai Jiaotong University, with a view to developing techniques and processes that |
||||||
|
will improve conversion efficiency and product quality. |
||||||
|
. Currently does not have any patents or patent applications pending in China or elsewhere. Relies on |
||||||
|
nondisclosure agreements, trade secrets and technical know-how to protect intellectual property and |
||||||
|
proprietary rights. |
||||||
|
. Because substantially all of LDK's business is currently conducted in China, LDK has not taken any |
||||||
|
action outside China to protect intellectual property. |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
> Trends |
||||||
|
. The multicrystalline wafer manufacturing industry is competitive. According to Photon Consulting, the |
||||||
|
five largest wafer manufacturers accounted for 60% of global production in 2005. |
||||||
|
. LDK believes that the supply of polysilicon feedstock will significantly increase in the next few years, |
||||||
|
thus easing supply constraints to solar wafer manufacturers. |
||||||
|
. Although LDK expects demand for solar wafers to grow in response to higher demand for photovoltaic |
||||||
|
cells and modules, the international solar wafer market will become more competitive. |
||||||
|
. Other solar wafer manufacturers are also engaged in aggressive expansion programs. In addition, new |
||||||
|
entrants are reported to be making significant investments in the industry. |
||||||
|
> Named competitors |
||||||
|
. International competitors include BP Solar, Deutsche Solar, Ersol, Evergreen Solar, Green Energy, JFE, |
||||||
|
Kyocera, M.SETEK, PV Crystalox, REC and MEMC, which has recently announced its plans to |
||||||
|
manufacture solar wafers. |
||||||
|
. China-based named competitors include Jinggong P-D, Shunda and Tianwei Yingli. |
||||||
|
> LDK is not competing in the manufacture of photovoltaic cells or modules |
||||||
|
. LDK currently have no plans to expand into the production of photovoltaic cell or modules and |
||||||
|
. Has entered into non-competition agreements with some customers, pursuant to which LDK has agreed |
||||||
|
not to engage in the production of solar cell or modules based on current wafer technology for the next 10 |
||||||
|
years |
||||||
|
> Within the crystalline wafer industry |
||||||
|
LDK alsos compete with monocrystalline wafer manufacturers. |
||||||
|
. According to Solarbuzz, monocrystalline wafers in 2006 represented approximately 42% of the global |
||||||
|
photovoltaic cell production while multicrystalline wafers constituted approximately 49%. |
||||||
|
. Certain monocrystalline wafer manufacturers have begun or intend to manufacture multicrystalline |
||||||
|
wafers, and they currently supply multicrystalline wafers to multicrystalline photovoltaic cell |
||||||
|
manufacturers, including some of LDK's customers. |
||||||
|
. Manufacturers of monocrystalline wafers that compete with LDK includes Ersol Solar Energy AG, or |
||||||
|
Ersol, M.SETEK, ReneSola Ltd., or Renesola, Sumitomo Mitsubishi Silicon Corporation, or SUMCO, and |
||||||
|
Sino-American Silicon Products Inc., or Sino-American Silicon, and Trina Solar Limited. |
||||||
|
Use of $323mm in IPO proceeds from sale of 13.4mm ADSs |
||||||
|
(shareholders intend to sell 4mm ADSs) |
||||||
|
o $160 million to expand production capacity (including the purchase of manufacturing equipment and the |
||||||
|
construction of additional production and ancillary facilities); |
||||||
|
o $120 million to purchase or prepay for polysilicon feedstock; and |
||||||
|
o $20 million to invest in research and development efforts. |
||||||
|
Balance for other general corporate purposes, including potential acquisitions. |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||
|
China Sunergy |
CSUN, C+, 7 |
|||||
|
solar cell products, China |
Post-IPO shrs: 38m |
|||||
|
Nanjing, Jiangsu, China |
2005 |
2006 |
IPO Mkt |
|||
|
Rev ($mm) |
$14 |
$150 |
Cap (mm) |
|||
|
Gross profit % |
14% |
18% |
$345 |
|||
|
Profit (loss) |
$0 |
$12 |
@$9 |
|||
|
Profit (loss) % |
-2.2% |
7.9% |
||||
|
VALUATION RATIOS |
IPO Mrkt |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
Price / |
% offered |
|
Cap (mm) |
Sales |
Earnings |
BookValue |
TangibleBV |
in IPO |
|
|
China Sunergy (CSUN) |
$345 |
2.3 |
29 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
22% |
|
SCORECARD |
Mgt |
Market |
Market Do- |
Proprie- |
Total |
|
|
1-5, 5 is high |
Growth |
mination |
tary |
rating |
||
|
20 is perfect |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
American depositary shares, or ADSs. Each ADS represents six ordinary shares |
||||||
|
Tax issues |
||||||
|
CSUN's business benefits from certain PRC preferential tax treatments. Expiration of, or changes to, these |
||||||
|
incentives could have a material adverse effect on operating results. |
||||||
|
. As a foreign-invested enterprise engaged in manufacturing businesses, Nanjing PV is entitled to a two |
||||||
|
year exemption from the enterprise income tax for its first two profitable years of operation and to a 50% |
||||||
|
reduction of its applicable income tax rate for the succeeding three years |
||||||
|
Decrease in March 2007 quarter revenues |
||||||
|
. Experienced a significant decrease in revenues in the first quarter of 2007 primarily due to the seasonality |
||||||
|
of demand for solar power products and the decreases of the demand for solar cells and market prices of |
||||||
|
solar cells after the solar cell market prices reached, in the third quarter of 2006, a peak over recent years |
||||||
|
Industry demand decreased in the December 2006 quarter |
||||||
|
. Although the industry demand for solar power products decreased in the fourth quarter of 2006, CSUN's |
||||||
|
revenues increased significantly because during that period, CSUN's fourth to sixth manufacturing lines |
||||||
|
achieved full-scale manufacturing capacity and CSUN sold a substantial portion of solar cells under sales |
||||||
|
contracts concluded before September 2006 with pre-agreed prices. |
||||||
|
Business |
||||||
|
. A leading manufacturer of solar cell products in China as measured by production capacity. |
||||||
|
. Sells solar cell products mostly to module manufacturers and, to a lesser extent, to system integrators, who |
||||||
|
assemble cells into solar modules and solar power systems for use in various markets. |
||||||
|
. Commenced business operations in August 2004 through Nanjing PV, a limited liability company |
||||||
|
established in China |
||||||
|
Capacity |
||||||
|
. As of December 2006, had six solar cell manufacturing lines with an aggregate production capacity of 192 |
||||||
|
MW per year, assuming the use of 156-millimeter monocrystalline silicon wafers. |
||||||
|
. Plan to increase aggregate production capacity of solar cells to 390 MW per year by the second quarter of |
||||||
|
'2008, with twelve manufacturing lines in total, four of which will be capable of producing both P-type and |
||||||
|
N-type solar cells. |
||||||
|
Product enhancement |
||||||
|
. Currently os developing selective emitter cells, an improved version of the P-type solar cells that most |
||||||
|
solar cell manufacturers produce. |
||||||
|
. Using an experimental manufacturing line, has manufactured selective emitter cells with an average |
||||||
|
conversion efficiency rate of 17.6% on a trial basis, and expects to commence commercial production in |
||||||
|
'2007. |
||||||
|
. In addition, is focusing on the development of advanced process technologies for manufacturing new |
||||||
|
products, such as N-type solar cells, which generally have higher conversion efficiencies than those of P |
||||||
|
type solar cells. |
||||||
|
. Also plans to develop passivated emitter and rear cells in the future. |
||||||
|
Industry Background |
||||||
|
. According to Solarbuzz LLC, or Solarbuzz, an independent solar energy research firm, the global solar |
||||||
|
power market, as measured by annual solar power system installed capacities, increased from 427 MW in |
||||||
|
2002 to 1,744 MW in 2006, representing a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 42%. |
||||||
|
. Under the lowest of three different projections, Solarbuzz expects annual solar power system installed |
||||||
|
capacities to further increase to 4,177 MW in 2011. |
||||||
|
. Solar power industry revenue is expected to increase from $10.6 billion in 2006 to $18.6 billion in 2011, |
||||||
|
representing a CAGR of 12%. |
||||||
|
> Solar technology |
||||||
|
. Currently, the majority of installed solar systems employ crystalline silicon technology. |
||||||
|
. Most solar cell manufacturers apply crystalline silicon technology to manufacture P-type solar cells, while |
||||||
|
only a few manufacturers produce, on a commercial scale, N-type solar cells, which generally have higher |
||||||
|
conversion efficiencies than P-type solar cells. |
||||||
|
. The solar cell production industry is currently dominated by a small number of manufacturers. According |
||||||
|
to Solarbuzz, the top 10 solar cell manufacturers together accounted for 75% of the solar cell production |
||||||
|
worldwide in 2006. |
||||||
|
Competition |
||||||
|
. Includes solar power divisions of large conglomerates such as BP Solar, Kyocera, Sanyo and Sharp |
||||||
|
Corporation |
||||||
|
. As well as specialized cell manufacturers such as Motech Industries Inc. Q-Cells AG, Suntech Power |
||||||
|
Holdings Co., Ltd., Solarfun Power Holdings Co. Ltd. and JA Solar Holdings Co., Ltd. |
||||||
|
. Some competitors have also become vertically integrated, from upstream polysilicon manufacturing to |
||||||
|
solar power system integration, such as Renewable Energy Corporation ASA. |
||||||
|
Use of $66mm in IPO proceeds |
||||||
|
o $60.0 million to expand our solar cell manufacturing facilities; and |
||||||
|
o remaining amount to purchase or prepay for raw material |
||||||
|
=================== |
||||||